Prekursor Gempa Bumi
Geofisika 43 AMG: Prediksi gempa bumi - Anomali Variasi Harian GPS TEC Ionosfer:
'via Blog this'
Indonesia harus mampu mengembangkan sains dan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan sesuai dengan perkembangannya di tanah air, tanpa teknologi yang boros sumber alam dan energi.
Hal yang penting juga ialah memahami dan menghayati filsafat sains untuk bisa menyatakan kebenaran ilmiah dan bisa membedakannya dengan "kebenaran" yang diperoleh dengan cara lain.
The Houw Liong
http://LinkedIn.com/in/houwliong
30 November 2011
29 November 2011
28 November 2011
27 November 2011
NOVA (PBS) - Hunting the Edge of Space - Part 1 (2010) - YouTube
NOVA (PBS) - Hunting the Edge of Space - Part 1 (2010)
NOVA (PBS) - Hunting the Edge of Space - Part 1 (2010) - YouTube: "NOVA (PBS) - Hunting the Edge of Space - Part 1 (2010)"
'via Blog this'
NOVA (PBS) - Hunting the Edge of Space - Part 1 (2010) - YouTube: "NOVA (PBS) - Hunting the Edge of Space - Part 1 (2010)"
'via Blog this'
26 November 2011
Telescope Hunting the Edge of Space - The Mystery of the Milky Way - YouTube
Telescope Hunting the Edge of Space - The Mystery of the Milky Way
Telescope Hunting the Edge of Space - The Mystery of the Milky Way - YouTube:
'via Blog this'
Telescope Hunting the Edge of Space - The Mystery of the Milky Way - YouTube:
'via Blog this'
24 November 2011
The Limits of Reason
THE LIMITS OF REASON
Ideas on complexity and randomness originally
suggested by Gottfried W. Leibniz in 1686,
combined with modern information theory,
imply that there can never be a "theory of
everything" for all of mathematics
By Gregory Chaitin
The Limits of Reason:
'via Blog this'
Ideas on complexity and randomness originally
suggested by Gottfried W. Leibniz in 1686,
combined with modern information theory,
imply that there can never be a "theory of
everything" for all of mathematics
By Gregory Chaitin
The Limits of Reason:
'via Blog this'
23 November 2011
Gravity - From Newton to Einstein - The Elegant Universe - YouTube
Gravity - From Newton to Einstein - The Elegant Universe
Gravity - From Newton to Einstein - The Elegant Universe - YouTube: "Gravity - From Newton to Einstein - The Elegant Universe"
'via Blog this'
Gravity - From Newton to Einstein - The Elegant Universe - YouTube: "Gravity - From Newton to Einstein - The Elegant Universe"
'via Blog this'
22 November 2011
Dangerous Knowledge (Philosophy, Physics, Mathematics) -BBC - YouTube
Dangerous Knowledge (Philosophy, Physics, Mathematics)
Dangerous Knowledge (Philosophy, Physics, Mathematics) -BBC - YouTube:
'via Blog this'
Dangerous Knowledge (Philosophy, Physics, Mathematics) -BBC - YouTube:
'via Blog this'
Discovery.Next World 1 of 6 - Future of life on Earth - YouTube
Next World 1 of 6 - Future of life on Earth
Discovery.Next World 1 of 6 - Future of life on Earth - YouTube:
'via Blog this'
Discovery.Next World 1 of 6 - Future of life on Earth - YouTube:
'via Blog this'
21 November 2011
18 November 2011
Carl Sagan - Profound Words of Wisdom - YouTube
Carl Sagan - Profound Words of Wisdom
Carl Sagan - Profound Words of Wisdom - YouTube: "Carl Sagan - Profound Words of Wisdom"
'via Blog this'
Carl Sagan - Profound Words of Wisdom - YouTube: "Carl Sagan - Profound Words of Wisdom"
'via Blog this'
Carl Sagan - We Are One Planet - YouTube
Carl Sagan - We Are One Planet
Carl Sagan - We Are One Planet - YouTube: "Carl Sagan - We Are One Planet"
'via Blog this'
Carl Sagan - We Are One Planet - YouTube: "Carl Sagan - We Are One Planet"
'via Blog this'
Michio Kaku about future civilization - YouTube
Michio Kaku about future civilization
Michio Kaku about future civilization - YouTube:
'via Blog this'
Michio Kaku about future civilization - YouTube:
'via Blog this'
Michio Kaku: It May Take a Catastrophe Before People Wake Up - YouTube
It May Take a Catastrophe Before People Wake Up
Michio Kaku: It May Take a Catastrophe Before People Wake Up - YouTube:
'via Blog this'
Michio Kaku: It May Take a Catastrophe Before People Wake Up - YouTube:
'via Blog this'
Invisibility & Teleportation Possible! Michio Kaku Explains - YouTube
Invisibility and Teleportation Possible ?
Invisibility & Teleportation Possible! Michio Kaku Explains - YouTube:
'via Blog this'
Invisibility & Teleportation Possible! Michio Kaku Explains - YouTube:
'via Blog this'
17 November 2011
16 November 2011
Global Warming ?
What do Chinese scientists think about GW, AGW and the IPCC?
Recent peer-reviewed study: Fang, J.Y., Zhu, J.L., Wang, S.P., Yue, C. and Shen, H.H. 2011. Global warming, human-induced carbon emissions, and their uncertainties. Science China Earth Sciences 54: 1458-1468.
Conclusions on GW:
"Global warming is an objective fact with great uncertainty in the magnitude of the temperature increase."
"However, this still has large uncertainties in the magnitude of the global temperature rise."
On AGW:
"Both human activities and natural factors contribute to climate change, but it is difficult to quantify their relative contributions."
"The impacts of natural and anthropogenic factors, especially the aerosols, are uncertain."
On the IPCC:
"The IPCC claimed that the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (including CO2) is the driving force for climate warming, but this has been questioned by the scientific community."
"This conclusion (IPCC conclusion) has generated considerable controversy, and the debates have focused on the following four points: 1) it remains unclear how the human and natural factors, especially the aerosols, affect the global temperature change; 2) over the past century, the temperature change has not always been consistent with the change of CO2 concentration. For several periods, global temperatures decreased or were stable while the atmospheric CO2 concentration continuously increased; 3) there is no significant correlation between the annual increment of the atmospheric CO2 concentration and the annual anomaly of annual mean temperature; and 4) the observed significant increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration
may not be totally attributable to anthropogenic emissions because there are great uncertainties in the sources of CO2 concentration in atmosphere."
Antique Stars Could Help Solve Mysteries Of Early Milky Way
Antique Stars Could Help Solve Mysteries Of Early Milky Way
Antique Stars Could Help Solve Mysteries Of Early Milky Way:
'via Blog this'
Antique Stars Could Help Solve Mysteries Of Early Milky Way:
'via Blog this'
15 November 2011
Fuzzy Hidden Markov Models For Indonesian Speech Classification
Fuzzy Hidden Markov Models for Indonesian Speech Classification
Manuscript ID: JC-IFSA08 has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics.
This paper is scheduled to appear in Vol. 16 No. 3.
Fuzzy Hidden Markov Models For Indonesian Speech Classification
Intan Nurma Yulita1, The Houw Liong2, Adiwijaya3
Graduate Faculty, Telkom Institute of Technology
Jalan Telekomunikasi No.1, Dayeuhkolot, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Email: intanurma@gmail.com, houwthee@yahoo.co.id, adw@ittelkom.ac.id
Abstract
Indonesia has a lot of tribes, so that there are a lot of dialects. Speech classification is difficult if the database uses speech signals from various people who have different characteristics because of gender and dialect. The different characteristics will influence frequency, intonation, amplitude, and period of the speech. It makes the system be trained for the various templates reference of speech signal. Therefore, this study has been developed for Indonesian speech classification. This study designs the solution of the different characteristics for Indonesian speech classification. The solution combines Fuzzy on Hidden Markov Models. The new design of fuzzy Hidden Markov Models will be proposed in this study. The models will consist of Fuzzy C-Means Clustering which will be designed to substitute the vector quantization process and a new forward and backward method to handle the membership degree of data. The result shows FHMM is better than HMM.
Keywords: Fuzzy, Hidden Markov Models, Indonesian, Speech, Classification, Clustering
Manuscript ID: JC-IFSA08 has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics.
This paper is scheduled to appear in Vol. 16 No. 3.
Fuzzy Hidden Markov Models For Indonesian Speech Classification
Intan Nurma Yulita1, The Houw Liong2, Adiwijaya3
Graduate Faculty, Telkom Institute of Technology
Jalan Telekomunikasi No.1, Dayeuhkolot, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Email: intanurma@gmail.com, houwthee@yahoo.co.id, adw@ittelkom.ac.id
Abstract
Indonesia has a lot of tribes, so that there are a lot of dialects. Speech classification is difficult if the database uses speech signals from various people who have different characteristics because of gender and dialect. The different characteristics will influence frequency, intonation, amplitude, and period of the speech. It makes the system be trained for the various templates reference of speech signal. Therefore, this study has been developed for Indonesian speech classification. This study designs the solution of the different characteristics for Indonesian speech classification. The solution combines Fuzzy on Hidden Markov Models. The new design of fuzzy Hidden Markov Models will be proposed in this study. The models will consist of Fuzzy C-Means Clustering which will be designed to substitute the vector quantization process and a new forward and backward method to handle the membership degree of data. The result shows FHMM is better than HMM.
Keywords: Fuzzy, Hidden Markov Models, Indonesian, Speech, Classification, Clustering
14 November 2011
As Sun Storms Ramp Up, Electric Grid Braces for Impact
Solar Storms
What will happen at the peak of solar activity in 2012--2013 ?
As Sun Storms Ramp Up, Electric Grid Braces for Impact:
'via Blog this'
As Sun Storms Ramp Up, Electric Grid Braces for Impact:
'via Blog this'
12 November 2011
09 November 2011
04 November 2011
02 November 2011
PEMODELAN IONOSFER LINTANG RENDAH GEOMAGNET DI ATAS WILAYAH INDONESIA DARI DATA GPS
Desertasi S3, ITB, 2009
ABSTRAK
PEMODELAN IONOSFER
LINTANG RENDAH GEOMAGNET
DI ATAS WILAYAH INDONESIA DARI DATA GPS
Oleh
Buldan Muslim
NIM : 35104002
Promotor : Prof. Dr. Ir. Hasanuddin Zaenal Abidin MSc.
Co-Promotor : Prof. The Houw Liong Ph.D.
Co-Promotor : Dr. Ir. Wedyanto Kuntjoro MSc.
Penentuan total electron content (TEC) ionosfer dan pemodelan ionosfer lintang rendah geomagnet di atas wilayah Indonesia (-2,77° sampai -20,65° lintang geomagnet) diperlukan untuk koreksi ionosfer dalam penentuan posisi presisi tinggi menggunakan GPS frekuensi tunggal. Data dan model TEC juga penting untuk analisis prekursor gempa bumi di ionosfer dalam upaya memahami kopling litosfer-atmosfer-ionosfer beberapa hari sebelum gempa bumi. Dalam penelitian ini telah dikembangkan metode penentuan TEC ionosfer dari data GPS, pemodelan TEC ionosfer di atas wilayah Indonesia dan metode pemunculan prekursor gempa bumi dari data dan model TEC ionosfer. Model konseptual kopling litosfer-atmosfer-ionosfer juga telah dikembangkan dengan melibatkan pengaruh gravitasi bumi lokal yang sebelumnya belum diperhitungkan, untuk menerangkan anomali variasi diurnal TEC ionosfer beberapa hari sebelum gempa bumi.
Data pengamatan sinyal Global Positioning System (GPS) frekuensi ganda dari stasiun-stasiun GPS kontinyu di Indonesia dan sekitarnya telah digunakan untuk penurunan TEC ionosfer menggunakan metode pelevelan fase. Algoritma penentuan TEC tersebut telah diimplementasikan menggunakan software matlab yang dapat digunakan untuk mengunduh data GPS melalui file transfer protocol (ftp) dan kemudian untuk penentuan TEC ionosfer.
Model ionosfer lintang rendah geomagnet di atas wilayah Indonesia telah dikembangkan berdasarkan data TEC ionosfer. Secara temporal model ionosfer tersebut dapat dikelompokkan menjadi model harian yang dikembangkan dari data TEC harian dan model bulanan yang dikembangkan dari rata-rata bulanan data TEC harian. Secara spasial model TEC harian dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam model lokal yang didasarkan pada satu stasiun referensi GPS dan model regional yang didasarkan pada beberapa stasiun referensi GPS. Formulasi model TEC harian merupakan kombinasi dari fungsi polinom untuk merepresentasikan variasi spasial ionosfer dan fungsi harmonik untuk merepresentasikan variasi diurnal koefisien-koefisien polinom model spasial ionosfer. Orde dari fungsi polinom dan harmonik dioptimasi dengan meminimalkan kesalahan model terhadap data pengamatan. Dengan cara tersebut diperoleh model TEC harian lokal di atas Jawa Barat dari stasiun BAKO yang optimum adalah P(12,2,2) di mana angka pertama adalah orde fungsi harmonik untuk merepresentasikan variasi diurnal ionosfer, angka kedua adalah orde fungsi polinom merepresentasikan variasi lintang ionosfer dan angka terakhir adalah orde fungsi polinom untuk merepresentasikan variasi bujur ionosfer. Dengan cara yang sama model TEC harian regional yang diperoleh adalah P(12,7,3). Model TEC bulanan regional Indonesia dibuat menggunakan fungsi polinom untuk representasi variasi lintang ionosfer, fungsi harmonik untuk representasi variasi diurnal ionosfer dan fungsi linier untuk representasi respon ionosfer terhadap aktivitas matahari. Model TEC regional Indonesia yang telah diperoleh adalah P(6,5,0,1), di mana 6 adalah orde fungsi harmonik untuk representasi variasi diurnal ionosfer dalam kerangka waktu lokal, 5 adalah orde fungsi polinom untuk representasi variasi lintang ionosfer, 0 menunjukkan orde variasi bujur ionosfer yang berarti pada waktu lokal yang sama variasi bujur ionosfer diabaikan, dan 1 adalah orde fungsi polinom untuk representasi respon ionosfer terhadap aktivitas matahari yang berarti respon ionosfer terhadap aktivitas matahari adalah linier pada saat siklus matahari sedang naik dan turun. Model TEC bulanan regional yang telah diperoleh adalah TEC model sederhana ionosfer lintang rendah Indonesia (TEC MSILRI). TEC MSILRI yang didasarkan pada data TEC rata-rata bulanan pada jam tertentu dapat digunakan sebagai referensi nilai TEC pada hari-hari tenang untuk bulan tertentu di atas wilayah Indonesia sehingga dapat digunakan untuk koreksi ionosfer pada penentuan posisi GPS frekuensi tunggal pada hari-hari tenang dan untuk pemunculan anomali ionosfer baik yang terkait dengan badai matahari maupun prekursor gempa bumi.
Data dan model TEC MISILRI dapat dikombinasikan untuk penurunan indek aktivitas ionosfer (indek S), yang dapat digunakan sebagai parameter cuaca antariksa di atas wilayah Indonesia. Indek aktivitas pasut diurnal TEC ionosfer (indek A) juga telah diturunkan dari data TEC harian. Analisis spasial anomali indek A beberapa hari sebelum gempa bumi besar menunjukkan bahwa indek A dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi prekursor gempa bumi menggunakan fungsi eksponensial, untuk prediksi besar gempa menggunakan model radius daerah persiapan gempa bumi dan perkiraan episenter gempa bumi menggunakan metode reseksi yang diadopsi dari metode penentuan posisi GPS.
Penurunan TEC ionosfer beberapa hari sebelum gempa bumi besar dapat dijelaskan dengan model kopling litosfer-atmosfer-ionosfer yang disebabkan penurunan gravitasi bumi lokal yang dapat memodifikasi medan listrik dinamo daerah E melalui modifikasi amplitudo gelombang pasut diurnal atmosfer, dapat mempercepat drift vertikal atmosfer netral dan menurunkan drift difusi ionosfer. Anomali ionosfer yang disebabkan oleh anomali gravitasi bumi merupakan hipotesis alternatif. Berbagai upaya teori dan eksperimen lanjut diperlukan dalam rangka menguji hipotesis tersebut.
Kata kunci: GPS, ionosfer, lintang rendah, Indonesia, model, indek ionosfer, anomali, prekursor gempa bumi.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)