Abstract Minggu 1 : =========================================================================================================================================================== Central concept of science ===================================================================================================== T1 Science as a way of knowing Science is a way of asking and answering question about the physical universe Why study science?, the scientific method, biodiversity, periodic table, blood circulation, pseudoscience, =========================================================== Minggu 2. Basic principle and fundamental concept ============================================================================================== T2 The Ordered Universe Newton’s law of motion and gravity predict the behavior of object on Earth and in space Stonehenge, Ancient astronauts, the birth of modern astronomy, the birth of mechanics, speed, velocity, acceleration, the universal law of motion, momentum, inertial guidance system, the universal force of gravity ===================================================================== Minggu 3. =============================================================T3 Energy ====================================================================== Energy are interchangeable and the total amount of energy is conserved in an isolated system horsepower, form of energy, discovering the nature of energy, the interchangeability of energy, energy for life, the first law of thermodynamics, diet and calories, earth’s age, fossil fuels ======================================================================================================================================= Minggu 4. ==================================================================================================================================== T4 Heat & 2nd Law of Thermodynamics ====================================================================================================================== Heat is a form of energy that flows from warmer to cooler objects heat and temperature, thermometers, heat transfer, home insulation, animal insulation, radiation, temperature regulation, the second law of thermodynamics, efficiency, the heat death of the universe, consequences of the second law, aging ============================================================================================================================================== Minggu 5 : =================================================================================================================================== T5 Electricity & Magnetism ===================================================================================================== Electricity and magnetism are two different aspects of one force – the electromagnetic force Electrostatic, electrical charges, electrical field, magnetic navigation, life’s electrical force, the propagation and nerve signals, electromagnet, electric motors, magnetic resonance, electrical effects from magnetism, Maxwell’s equation ================================================================================================ =====Minggu 6 ================================================================================================================================ T6 Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation Whenever an electrically charged object is accelerated, it produces electromagnetic radiation-waves of energy that travel at the speed of light The nature of waves, the sound of music, use of sound by animals (interference), the electromagnetic wave, the ether, the electromagnetic spectrum, AM & FM radio transmission, microwave ovens, UV & X-Rays, gamma rays ================================================================================================= ============================================ Minggu 7: ==================================================================================================================================== Relativity and Quantum Mechanics ================================================================================================= T7 Albert Einstein and the theory of Relativity All observers, no matter what their frame of reference, see the same laws of nature Frame of reference, Einstein and the street car, special relativity, how important is relativity?, Space travel and aging, general relativity, was Newton wrong? ============================================================================================================================================== Minggu 8 ================================================================================================== T9 Quantum Mechanics At the subatomic scale, everything is quantized. Any measurement at the scale significantly alters the object being measured The world of the very small, uncertainty in the Newtonian world, probabilities, wave-particle duality, the photoelectric effect, the CAT Scan, wave-particle duality and the Bohr atom, a famous interchange, quantum entanglement, uncertainty in human being ===================================================================================================00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 =============================================================================================================================== Minggu 9. =============================================================================================================================================== The Atom and the Atomic Structure of Matter ================================================================================================= T8 The Atom All of the matter around us is made of atoms, the chemical building block of our world The smallest pieces, the structure of atom, when matter meet light, spectroscopy, spectra of life’s chemical reaction, the story of helium, the laser, the periodic table of elements, what do atoms ”look like”? ============================================================================================================================================== Minggu 10 ================================================================================================= T10 Atoms in Combination: The Chemical Bond Atoms bind together in chemical reactions by the rearrangement of electrons Electron shells, periodic table and chemical bonds, types of chemical bonds, state of matter, liquid crystal and calculator, the discovery of nylon, chemical reaction and the formation of chemical bonds, antacids, refining petroleum, the clotting of blood, magnetic overthrow ============================================================================================================================================== Minggu 11 ================================================================================================= T11 Materials and their Properties A material’s properties result from its constituent atoms and the arrangements of chemicals bond that hold those atoms together. Materials and the modern world, the strengths of materials, electrical properties, searching of new superconductors, magnetic properties, microchips and the information revolution, photovoltaic and the solar energy, the computer and the brain, in pixels and in health ============================================================================================================================================== Minggu 12 ============================================================================================= Nucleus and Subatomic Particles T12 The Nucleus of the Atom Nuclear energy depends on the conversion of mass into energy Explosive energy, mass and energy, the organization of the nucleus, radioactivity, Becquerel and Curie, half-life, radiometric dating decay chain, nuclear weapons, super heavy elements, thermonuclear squeeze ======================================================================================================================== Minggu 13 ================================================================================================= T13 The Ultimate Structure of Matter All matter is made of quarks and lepton, which are the most fundamental building blocks of the universe that we know The building block of matter, discovery of elementary particle, particle accelerator, accelerator in medicine, leptons, hadrons, antimatter, the discovery of antimatter, quarks, quarks and leptons, quarks confinement, the four fundamental forces, string theories ========================================================================================================================================================== 1 Reference (.Buku Acuan) ======================================================================================================= ===I. A. Beiser, The Houw Liong : Konsep Fisika Modern, Ed.4, Erlangga, 1990 ================================================================================================ II. “The Sciences: An Integrated Approach”, 5th Ed., James Trefill & R.M. Hazen, John Wiley & Sons. ========================================================================================================================================================== 2. Backgrounds (Latar Belakang) ================================================================================================ • Kurikulum tradisional bidang sain di sebagian besar universitas gagal memberikan pendidikan basic science yang diperlukan untuk memahami beberapa isu dalam bidang sain dan teknologi yang berkembang di masyarakat, ========================================================== ============ 3. Goals (Tujuan) =============================================================================================== • Providing education for people who will not be scientist but who need some knowledge of science to function as citizens. ============================ =========== 4. Outcome (Hasil) ============================================================================================== • Mahasiswa benar-benar memahami bahwa dalam real life, tidak ada pengkotakan antara sain, teknologi, seni dan bisnis. =========================================================================================================================================================== 5. Approach (Pendekatan): ============================================================================================== • This course encompasses physics, chemistry, biology, earth science, astronomy, and emphasize general principle and their application to real world situation rather than esoteric detail. ================================================================================================ • The emphasis of the course is the development of a student’s understanding of the scientific process - as opposed to just the accumulation of scientific facts, and to elucidate the historical significance of key principles and underscores the integrated nature of scientific knowledge.
Showing posts with label komputasi. Show all posts
Showing posts with label komputasi. Show all posts
16 September 2017
Fisika Komputasi (Integrated Approach to Scences)
Abstract Minggu 1 : =========================================================================================================================================================== Central concept of science ===================================================================================================== T1 Science as a way of knowing Science is a way of asking and answering question about the physical universe Why study science?, the scientific method, biodiversity, periodic table, blood circulation, pseudoscience, =========================================================== Minggu 2. Basic principle and fundamental concept ============================================================================================== T2 The Ordered Universe Newton’s law of motion and gravity predict the behavior of object on Earth and in space Stonehenge, Ancient astronauts, the birth of modern astronomy, the birth of mechanics, speed, velocity, acceleration, the universal law of motion, momentum, inertial guidance system, the universal force of gravity ===================================================================== Minggu 3. =============================================================T3 Energy ====================================================================== Energy are interchangeable and the total amount of energy is conserved in an isolated system horsepower, form of energy, discovering the nature of energy, the interchangeability of energy, energy for life, the first law of thermodynamics, diet and calories, earth’s age, fossil fuels ======================================================================================================================================= Minggu 4. ==================================================================================================================================== T4 Heat & 2nd Law of Thermodynamics ====================================================================================================================== Heat is a form of energy that flows from warmer to cooler objects heat and temperature, thermometers, heat transfer, home insulation, animal insulation, radiation, temperature regulation, the second law of thermodynamics, efficiency, the heat death of the universe, consequences of the second law, aging ============================================================================================================================================== Minggu 5 : =================================================================================================================================== T5 Electricity & Magnetism ===================================================================================================== Electricity and magnetism are two different aspects of one force – the electromagnetic force Electrostatic, electrical charges, electrical field, magnetic navigation, life’s electrical force, the propagation and nerve signals, electromagnet, electric motors, magnetic resonance, electrical effects from magnetism, Maxwell’s equation ================================================================================================ =====Minggu 6 ================================================================================================================================ T6 Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation Whenever an electrically charged object is accelerated, it produces electromagnetic radiation-waves of energy that travel at the speed of light The nature of waves, the sound of music, use of sound by animals (interference), the electromagnetic wave, the ether, the electromagnetic spectrum, AM & FM radio transmission, microwave ovens, UV & X-Rays, gamma rays ================================================================================================= ============================================ Minggu 7: ==================================================================================================================================== Relativity and Quantum Mechanics ================================================================================================= T7 Albert Einstein and the theory of Relativity All observers, no matter what their frame of reference, see the same laws of nature Frame of reference, Einstein and the street car, special relativity, how important is relativity?, Space travel and aging, general relativity, was Newton wrong? ============================================================================================================================================== Minggu 8 ================================================================================================== T9 Quantum Mechanics At the subatomic scale, everything is quantized. Any measurement at the scale significantly alters the object being measured The world of the very small, uncertainty in the Newtonian world, probabilities, wave-particle duality, the photoelectric effect, the CAT Scan, wave-particle duality and the Bohr atom, a famous interchange, quantum entanglement, uncertainty in human being ===================================================================================================00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 =============================================================================================================================== Minggu 9. =============================================================================================================================================== The Atom and the Atomic Structure of Matter ================================================================================================= T8 The Atom All of the matter around us is made of atoms, the chemical building block of our world The smallest pieces, the structure of atom, when matter meet light, spectroscopy, spectra of life’s chemical reaction, the story of helium, the laser, the periodic table of elements, what do atoms ”look like”? ============================================================================================================================================== Minggu 10 ================================================================================================= T10 Atoms in Combination: The Chemical Bond Atoms bind together in chemical reactions by the rearrangement of electrons Electron shells, periodic table and chemical bonds, types of chemical bonds, state of matter, liquid crystal and calculator, the discovery of nylon, chemical reaction and the formation of chemical bonds, antacids, refining petroleum, the clotting of blood, magnetic overthrow ============================================================================================================================================== Minggu 11 ================================================================================================= T11 Materials and their Properties A material’s properties result from its constituent atoms and the arrangements of chemicals bond that hold those atoms together. Materials and the modern world, the strengths of materials, electrical properties, searching of new superconductors, magnetic properties, microchips and the information revolution, photovoltaic and the solar energy, the computer and the brain, in pixels and in health ============================================================================================================================================== Minggu 12 ============================================================================================= Nucleus and Subatomic Particles T12 The Nucleus of the Atom Nuclear energy depends on the conversion of mass into energy Explosive energy, mass and energy, the organization of the nucleus, radioactivity, Becquerel and Curie, half-life, radiometric dating decay chain, nuclear weapons, super heavy elements, thermonuclear squeeze ======================================================================================================================== Minggu 13 ================================================================================================= T13 The Ultimate Structure of Matter All matter is made of quarks and lepton, which are the most fundamental building blocks of the universe that we know The building block of matter, discovery of elementary particle, particle accelerator, accelerator in medicine, leptons, hadrons, antimatter, the discovery of antimatter, quarks, quarks and leptons, quarks confinement, the four fundamental forces, string theories ========================================================================================================================================================== 1 Reference (.Buku Acuan) ======================================================================================================= ===I. A. Beiser, The Houw Liong : Konsep Fisika Modern, Ed.4, Erlangga, 1990 ================================================================================================ II. “The Sciences: An Integrated Approach”, 5th Ed., James Trefill & R.M. Hazen, John Wiley & Sons. ========================================================================================================================================================== 2. Backgrounds (Latar Belakang) ================================================================================================ • Kurikulum tradisional bidang sain di sebagian besar universitas gagal memberikan pendidikan basic science yang diperlukan untuk memahami beberapa isu dalam bidang sain dan teknologi yang berkembang di masyarakat, ========================================================== ============ 3. Goals (Tujuan) =============================================================================================== • Providing education for people who will not be scientist but who need some knowledge of science to function as citizens. ============================ =========== 4. Outcome (Hasil) ============================================================================================== • Mahasiswa benar-benar memahami bahwa dalam real life, tidak ada pengkotakan antara sain, teknologi, seni dan bisnis. =========================================================================================================================================================== 5. Approach (Pendekatan): ============================================================================================== • This course encompasses physics, chemistry, biology, earth science, astronomy, and emphasize general principle and their application to real world situation rather than esoteric detail. ================================================================================================ • The emphasis of the course is the development of a student’s understanding of the scientific process - as opposed to just the accumulation of scientific facts, and to elucidate the historical significance of key principles and underscores the integrated nature of scientific knowledge.
03 June 2014
20 March 2014
21 February 2014
25 December 2012
New Form of Quantum Computation Promises Showdown With Ordinary Computers
New Form of Quantum Computation Promises Showdown With Ordinary Computers:
You've heard the hype a hundred times: Physicists hope to someday build a whiz-bang quantum computer that can solve problems that would overwhelm an ordinary computer. Now, four separate teams have taken a step toward achieving such "quantum speed-up" by ...
16 April 2010
Metoda Web Komputasi Untuk Perhitungan Intensitas Bencana Kekeringan di Wilayah Indonesia
Indonesian Journal of Physics, Vol 13, No 2 (2002)
Metoda Web Komputasi Untuk Perhitungan Intensitas Bencana Kekeringan di Wilayah Indonesia
Plato Martuani Siregar, Bayong Tjasyono HK, The Houw Liong
Abstract
Komputasi meteorologi dituntut menggunakan sistem jaringan database untuk kepentingan analisa sinoptik,komputasi menggunakan komputer tunggal diperluas ke jaringan mengingat perlu informasi untuk pemrosesan data yang simultan,cepat,dan akurat untuk memprakirakan kondisi cuaca. Komputasi melalui jaringan internet diapplikasikan dalam bahasa CGI dan manajemen database oleh MySQL. Semua persamaan dinamika atmosfer dimplimentasikan dengan CGI (pemograman php atau perl)
Perhitungan intensitas kekeringan menggunakan faktor hujan atau indeks kekeringan dibentuk oleh elemen iklim misalnya curah hujan dan suhu. Batas kering adalah 5.0,jika curah hujan (mm) dan suhu (Kelvin). Setiap kejadian El Niño,daerah wilayah Indonesia bagian timur dan selatan menjadi lebih kering dibanding tahun non-El Niño. El Niño menyebabkan kekeringan dibeberapa daerah Indonesia,tetapi kekeringan tidak selalu akibat peristiwa El Niño, ada faktor lain yang menyebabkanya misalnya monsun timur.
Full Text: PDF
Metoda Web Komputasi Untuk Perhitungan Intensitas Bencana Kekeringan di Wilayah Indonesia
Plato Martuani Siregar, Bayong Tjasyono HK, The Houw Liong
Abstract
Komputasi meteorologi dituntut menggunakan sistem jaringan database untuk kepentingan analisa sinoptik,komputasi menggunakan komputer tunggal diperluas ke jaringan mengingat perlu informasi untuk pemrosesan data yang simultan,cepat,dan akurat untuk memprakirakan kondisi cuaca. Komputasi melalui jaringan internet diapplikasikan dalam bahasa CGI dan manajemen database oleh MySQL. Semua persamaan dinamika atmosfer dimplimentasikan dengan CGI (pemograman php atau perl)
Perhitungan intensitas kekeringan menggunakan faktor hujan atau indeks kekeringan dibentuk oleh elemen iklim misalnya curah hujan dan suhu. Batas kering adalah 5.0,jika curah hujan (mm) dan suhu (Kelvin). Setiap kejadian El Niño,daerah wilayah Indonesia bagian timur dan selatan menjadi lebih kering dibanding tahun non-El Niño. El Niño menyebabkan kekeringan dibeberapa daerah Indonesia,tetapi kekeringan tidak selalu akibat peristiwa El Niño, ada faktor lain yang menyebabkanya misalnya monsun timur.
Full Text: PDF
Perkiraan Wujud Komputer Cerdas Masa Depan Melalui Penerapan Kecerdasan Buatan
Indonesian Journal of Physics, Vol 13, No 2 (2002)
Perkiraan Wujud Komputer Cerdas Masa Depan Melalui Penerapan Kecerdasan Buatan
The Houw Liong
Abstract
Perkembangan kecerdasan buatan atau inteligensi artifisial (IA) memberi arah bahwa supaya komputer masa depan yamg dijalankan dengan program IA mampu menirukan kemampuan otak manusia seperti menalar, mengenali pola, melakukan generalisasi, swatata (selforganized), memori asosiatf ,dll. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu ilmuwan meneliti cara kerja otak dan arsitektur otak manusia.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian itu dibangun model matematik neuron serta susunan neuron (arsitekturnya) yang dapat melakukan fungsi pengenalan pola, generalisasi, memori asosiatif, swatata, dll. Fungsi otak itu dapat disimulasikan dan dikenal sebagai Jaringan Neural Artifisial (JNA) atau Jaringan Sel Saraf Tiruan (JST).
Selain itu dapat juga dibangun perangkat keras yang disebut neural chip yang menirukan fungsi neuron dan dapat disusun menjadi neural card yang dapat dipasang dalam komputer sehingga berlaku sebagai ko-prosesor untuk menangani masalah IA.
Proses penalaran dapat ditiru dengan membangun motor inferensi (search engine) serta basis kaidah atau kaidah samar yang dapat mencari solusi suatu permasalahan melalui penerapan kaidah dan proses pencarian solusi. Perkembangan selanjutnya menyatakan bahwa kaidah dapat dipetakan ke jaringan neural.
Perkembangan itu memungkinkan terbentuknya komputer yang berlandaskan jaringan neural. Untuk dapat menirukan otak manusia diperkirakan diperlukan jumlah neuron yang sangat banyak yaitu sekitar 10^11 dan jumlah sinapsis sekitar 10^15 sehingga teknologi mikroprosesor yang sekarang belum mampu melaksanakannya, diperkirakan kita harus beralih ke teknologi fotonik dan komputer optik untuk melaksanakannya.
Perkembangan lain yang menarik perhatian ilmuwan ialah berkembangnya komputer kuantum yang diperkirakan mempunyai kemampuan lebih besar dalam mensimulasikan proses alam dan dalam komputer kuantum. Logika samar yang biasa dipakai oleh manusia dapat diproses secara alamiah karena qubit (quantum bit) dapat disuperposisikan untuk merepresentasikan keadaan samar atau pernyataan samar.
Full Text: PDF
Perkiraan Wujud Komputer Cerdas Masa Depan Melalui Penerapan Kecerdasan Buatan
The Houw Liong
Abstract
Perkembangan kecerdasan buatan atau inteligensi artifisial (IA) memberi arah bahwa supaya komputer masa depan yamg dijalankan dengan program IA mampu menirukan kemampuan otak manusia seperti menalar, mengenali pola, melakukan generalisasi, swatata (selforganized), memori asosiatf ,dll. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu ilmuwan meneliti cara kerja otak dan arsitektur otak manusia.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian itu dibangun model matematik neuron serta susunan neuron (arsitekturnya) yang dapat melakukan fungsi pengenalan pola, generalisasi, memori asosiatif, swatata, dll. Fungsi otak itu dapat disimulasikan dan dikenal sebagai Jaringan Neural Artifisial (JNA) atau Jaringan Sel Saraf Tiruan (JST).
Selain itu dapat juga dibangun perangkat keras yang disebut neural chip yang menirukan fungsi neuron dan dapat disusun menjadi neural card yang dapat dipasang dalam komputer sehingga berlaku sebagai ko-prosesor untuk menangani masalah IA.
Proses penalaran dapat ditiru dengan membangun motor inferensi (search engine) serta basis kaidah atau kaidah samar yang dapat mencari solusi suatu permasalahan melalui penerapan kaidah dan proses pencarian solusi. Perkembangan selanjutnya menyatakan bahwa kaidah dapat dipetakan ke jaringan neural.
Perkembangan itu memungkinkan terbentuknya komputer yang berlandaskan jaringan neural. Untuk dapat menirukan otak manusia diperkirakan diperlukan jumlah neuron yang sangat banyak yaitu sekitar 10^11 dan jumlah sinapsis sekitar 10^15 sehingga teknologi mikroprosesor yang sekarang belum mampu melaksanakannya, diperkirakan kita harus beralih ke teknologi fotonik dan komputer optik untuk melaksanakannya.
Perkembangan lain yang menarik perhatian ilmuwan ialah berkembangnya komputer kuantum yang diperkirakan mempunyai kemampuan lebih besar dalam mensimulasikan proses alam dan dalam komputer kuantum. Logika samar yang biasa dipakai oleh manusia dapat diproses secara alamiah karena qubit (quantum bit) dapat disuperposisikan untuk merepresentasikan keadaan samar atau pernyataan samar.
Full Text: PDF
31 March 2010
Computation and Simulation
Kontribusi Fisika Indonesia
Vol. 13 No.2, April 2002
108
Pengembangan Metode Komputasi dan Simulasi
Siti Nurul Khotimah dan The Houw Liong
Departemen Fisika, ITB
Jl. Ganesa 10 Bandung, 40132
E-mail : nurul@fi.itb.ac.id
Abstrak
Pada umumnya hukum alam, seperti hukum Newton, persamaan Maxwell, persamaan Schrodinger, dapat dirumuskan
menjadi persamaan diferensial. Persamaan ini dapat diubah menjadi persamaan diferensi (beda hingga) sehingga dapat
dipecahkan secara numerik. Hukum alam dapat juga dirumuskan dalam bentuk least action atau prinsip Hamilton dan
diselesaikan dengan metode elemen hingga. Namun tidak semua persoalan dapat diselesaikan dengan metode ini.
Ilmuwan mengembangkan metode komputasi baru berdasarkan konsep selular automata. Setiap automata yang berada
dalam suatu keadaan akan berlaku sebagai prosesor yang menerima masukan, memproses masukan itu, menentukan
keadaan automata berikutnya serta keluarannya. Ternyata dengan menggabungkannya dengan mekanika statistik, metoda
ini dapat mensimulasikan gempa, proses aliran fluida, proses erosi dan sedimentasi, dan lain lain.
Jika diteliti dengan cermat neuron merupakan automata, sehingga kemampuan komputasi dalam Jaringan Neural Artifisial
dapat dimasukkan juga sebagai metoda selular automata. Ini berarti proses menalar, mengenali pola, memori asosiatif,
generalisasi, dan swatata dapat disimulasikan dengan metoda selular automata. Demikian juga metoda komputasi yang
berkembang berdasarkan logika samar serta gabungannya dengan jaringan neural yang dikenal sebagai metoda Neuro-
Fuzzy dapat dipandang sebagai metoda selular automata.
Kata kunci: Jaringan Neural artificial, logika samar, selular automata.
Abstract
In general natural laws, such as Newton's laws, Maxwell's equations, and Schrodinger equation, can be formulated into
differential equations. These equations can be modified to be finite difference equation so that they can be solved
numerically. Natural laws can also be formulated in the form of least action or Hamiltonian principal then they are solved
using finite element method. However, these methods can not be used to solve all of the problems.
Scientists developed new computation methods based on the concepts of cellular automata. Each automaton in its internal
state will behave as a processor that receives inputs, processes the inputs, determines the next internal state and its outputs.
By applying statistical mechanics into cellular automata, this method can simulate earthquake, the process of fluid flows,
the process of erosion and sedimentation, and the others.
If we look in detail, a nerve cell is an automaton. Therefore the computation method based on artificial neural network can
also included as cellular automata method. This means reasoning process, identifying pattern, associative memory,
generalisation, and self organising can be simulated using cellular automata method. The computation method based on
fuzzy logic also its combination with neural network that is called as Neuro-Fuzzy method can also be viewed as cellular
automata method.
Keywords: artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, cellular automata
Vol. 13 No.2, April 2002
108
Pengembangan Metode Komputasi dan Simulasi
Siti Nurul Khotimah dan The Houw Liong
Departemen Fisika, ITB
Jl. Ganesa 10 Bandung, 40132
E-mail : nurul@fi.itb.ac.id
Abstrak
Pada umumnya hukum alam, seperti hukum Newton, persamaan Maxwell, persamaan Schrodinger, dapat dirumuskan
menjadi persamaan diferensial. Persamaan ini dapat diubah menjadi persamaan diferensi (beda hingga) sehingga dapat
dipecahkan secara numerik. Hukum alam dapat juga dirumuskan dalam bentuk least action atau prinsip Hamilton dan
diselesaikan dengan metode elemen hingga. Namun tidak semua persoalan dapat diselesaikan dengan metode ini.
Ilmuwan mengembangkan metode komputasi baru berdasarkan konsep selular automata. Setiap automata yang berada
dalam suatu keadaan akan berlaku sebagai prosesor yang menerima masukan, memproses masukan itu, menentukan
keadaan automata berikutnya serta keluarannya. Ternyata dengan menggabungkannya dengan mekanika statistik, metoda
ini dapat mensimulasikan gempa, proses aliran fluida, proses erosi dan sedimentasi, dan lain lain.
Jika diteliti dengan cermat neuron merupakan automata, sehingga kemampuan komputasi dalam Jaringan Neural Artifisial
dapat dimasukkan juga sebagai metoda selular automata. Ini berarti proses menalar, mengenali pola, memori asosiatif,
generalisasi, dan swatata dapat disimulasikan dengan metoda selular automata. Demikian juga metoda komputasi yang
berkembang berdasarkan logika samar serta gabungannya dengan jaringan neural yang dikenal sebagai metoda Neuro-
Fuzzy dapat dipandang sebagai metoda selular automata.
Kata kunci: Jaringan Neural artificial, logika samar, selular automata.
Abstract
In general natural laws, such as Newton's laws, Maxwell's equations, and Schrodinger equation, can be formulated into
differential equations. These equations can be modified to be finite difference equation so that they can be solved
numerically. Natural laws can also be formulated in the form of least action or Hamiltonian principal then they are solved
using finite element method. However, these methods can not be used to solve all of the problems.
Scientists developed new computation methods based on the concepts of cellular automata. Each automaton in its internal
state will behave as a processor that receives inputs, processes the inputs, determines the next internal state and its outputs.
By applying statistical mechanics into cellular automata, this method can simulate earthquake, the process of fluid flows,
the process of erosion and sedimentation, and the others.
If we look in detail, a nerve cell is an automaton. Therefore the computation method based on artificial neural network can
also included as cellular automata method. This means reasoning process, identifying pattern, associative memory,
generalisation, and self organising can be simulated using cellular automata method. The computation method based on
fuzzy logic also its combination with neural network that is called as Neuro-Fuzzy method can also be viewed as cellular
automata method.
Keywords: artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, cellular automata
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